— Qur'an 20:114
The first human and prophet, created by Allah from clay.
Key role: Father of humanity and first to receive guidance.
Miracle: Allah fashioned him from clay and breathed life into him.
Mentioned 25 times in the Qur'an
Known for his wisdom and writing, raised to a high status by Allah.
Key role: First to write with the pen.
Miracle: Raised to the heavens alive.
Mentioned 2 times in the Qur'an
Patient prophet who built the ark and saved believers from the flood.
Key role: Warned his people for 950 years.
Miracle: The great flood and the saving ark.
Mentioned 43 times in the Qur'an
Sent to the people of 'Ad who were destroyed for their arrogance.
Key role: Warned the mighty ‘Ad against arrogance.
Miracle: Destruction of ‘Ad by a violent wind.
Mentioned 7 times in the Qur'an
Sent to the people of Thamud who were destroyed for killing the she-camel.
Key role: Called Thamud to worship Allah alone.
Miracle: The she-camel that emerged from a rock.
Mentioned 9 times in the Qur'an
The friend of Allah, builder of the Kaaba, and father of prophets.
Key role: Founded monotheism in Arabia.
Miracle: Saved from the blazing fire unharmed.
Mentioned 69 times in the Qur'an
Sent to the people of Sodom who were destroyed for their immoral practices.
Key role: Warned against the sins of Sodom.
Miracle: The cities overturned with rain of stones.
Mentioned 27 times in the Qur'an
Son of Ibrahim, helped build the Kaaba, ancestor of Arabs.
Key role: Raised the foundations of the Kaaba with Ibrahim.
Miracle: Replaced by a ram during the sacrifice.
Mentioned 12 times in the Qur'an
Son of Ibrahim, father of Yaqub, ancestor of Israelites.
Key role: Patriarch of the Israelites.
Miracle: Born to elderly parents.
Mentioned 17 times in the Qur'an
Also known as Israel, father of the 12 tribes.
Key role: Father of the twelve tribes of Israel.
Miracle: Restored eyesight by Yusuf’s shirt.
Mentioned 16 times in the Qur'an
Son of Yaqub, known for his patience and dream interpretation.
Key role: Interpreter of dreams and minister of Egypt.
Miracle: Survived a well and prison, then rose to power.
Mentioned 27 times in the Qur'an
Known for his patience during severe trials and illnesses.
Key role: Exemplar of patience and steadfastness.
Miracle: Cured of illness and returned his family doubled.
Mentioned 4 times in the Qur'an
Sent to the people of Madyan who were dishonest in trade.
Key role: Champion of honest trade and justice.
Miracle: Destruction of Madyan by earthquake.
Mentioned 11 times in the Qur'an
Led the Israelites out of Egypt, received the Torah.
Key role: Delivered Bani Israel from Pharaoh.
Miracle: Split the Red Sea and staff turned to snake.
Mentioned 136 times in the Qur'an
Brother of Musa, helped him confront Pharaoh.
Key role: Spokesman for Musa before Pharaoh.
Miracle: Staff turned into a serpent.
Mentioned 20 times in the Qur'an
King of Israel, received the Zabur (Psalms).
Key role: Just king and psalmist of Israel.
Miracle: Iron softened for him and mountains praised Allah with him.
Mentioned 16 times in the Qur'an
Son of Dawud, known for his wisdom and kingdom.
Key role: Wise ruler with authority over jinn and animals.
Miracle: Commanded wind and jinn, understood bird speech.
Mentioned 17 times in the Qur'an
Sent to the people who worshipped Baal.
Key role: Called people to worship Allah alone.
Miracle: Raised to the heavens alive.
Mentioned 3 times in the Qur'an
Successor to Ilyas, continued his mission.
Key role: Prophet to the Israelites after Ilyas.
Miracle: Multiplied a small pot of food to feed many.
Mentioned 2 times in the Qur'an
Swallowed by a whale after leaving his people.
Key role: Warned the people of Nineveh.
Miracle: Survived in the belly of a whale.
Mentioned 4 times in the Qur'an
Father of Yahya, prayed for a son in old age.
Key role: Guardian of Maryam and prophet to Israelites.
Miracle: Granted a son (Yahya) in old age.
Mentioned 7 times in the Qur'an
Son of Zakariyya, known for his piety and knowledge.
Key role: Devoted believer and prophet to Israelites.
Miracle: Granted wisdom and compassion in childhood.
Mentioned 5 times in the Qur'an
The Messiah, born miraculously to Maryam.
Key role: Prophet and messenger to Bani Israel.
Miracle: Born without a father, spoke in cradle.
Mentioned 25 times in the Qur'an
Known for his patience and steadfastness.
Key role: Steadfast prophet and righteous servant.
Miracle: Granted long life and unwavering patience.
Mentioned 2 times in the Qur'an
The final prophet, sent as mercy to all creation. Seal of the Prophets and the best of mankind.
Key role: Final messenger completing Allah’s guidance to humanity.
Miracle: The Qur’an, revealed to him over 23 years.
Mentioned 4 times in the Qur'an by name, with many other references
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ
"I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."
This declaration of faith is the first pillar of Islam and the foundation of belief.
The holy book of Islam, revealed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) over 23 years.
Recorded sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
The way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims based on the teachings of the Prophet.
Islamic jurisprudence, the human understanding of sharia.
Exegesis or commentary of the Qur'an.
Islamic creed or articles of faith.
Islamic law derived from the Qur'an and Sunnah.
Supplication or prayer to Allah.
Born in Makkah, orphaned at a young age, known as Al-Amin (the trustworthy).
At age 40, Muhammad (PBUH) receives the first revelation of the Qur'an in Cave Hira.
Persecution in Makkah leads to migration to Madinah, marking the start of the Islamic calendar.
Makkah is conquered peacefully, the Kaaba is cleansed of idols.
The Prophet passes away in Madinah after completing the message of Islam.
Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali (RA) lead the Muslim community after the Prophet.
Flourishing of science, medicine, philosophy, and arts in the Muslim world.
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The Qibla is the sacred direction that Muslims face during prayer, toward the Kaaba in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This direction is a unifying focal point for the global Muslim community, symbolizing unity and submission to Allah. The Kaaba, built by Prophet Ibrahim (عليه السلام) and his son Ismail (عليه السلام), serves as the spiritual center of the Islamic world.
The practice of facing the Qibla was established during the Prophet Muhammad's ﷺ time in Madinah, replacing the earlier direction of Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. This change is mentioned in the Qur'an (2:144) and marked a significant moment in Islamic history, emphasizing the distinct identity of the Muslim community.
When traveling, Muslims may shorten their prayers (qasr) and combine prayers (jam'). The Qibla direction should still be determined to the best of one's ability, but Allah is Most Merciful and accepts prayers even if the exact direction isn't perfectly aligned.
If absolutely unable to determine the Qibla direction (such as in space, deep underground, or in complete darkness), one may pray in any direction and Allah will accept the prayer based on intention. The Prophet ﷺ said: "The earth has been made for me a place of prostration and a means of purification."
In areas like northern Scandinavia or Antarctica where the sun doesn't set or rise for extended periods, Muslims should follow the prayer times of the nearest major city with regular day/night cycles, or use the times of Makkah as a reference.
When praying in cars, trains, or planes, face the Qibla direction as best as possible when stationary. If the vehicle is moving and the direction keeps changing, continue facing the direction you're already facing and Allah will accept your prayer.
The Prophet ﷺ would greet children first and ask them about their day. He would also carry children on his shoulders during prayer.
When eating, the Prophet ﷺ would remain silent and focused on his food, eating with three fingers and not speaking until finished.
When wearing new clothes, the Prophet ﷺ would name them and say: "O Allah, praise is to You, as You have clothed me with this (garment)."
After rainfall, the Prophet ﷺ would expose part of his body to the rain and say it was a mercy from Allah.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ
"In the name of Allah" - said before starting any action
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ
"All praise is for Allah" - expressing gratitude
مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ
"What Allah has willed" - appreciating something good
سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّٰهِ
"Glory be to Allah" - expressing wonder or praise
ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ
"Peace be upon you" - Islamic greeting
وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ
"And upon you be peace" - response to greeting
فِي أَمَانِ اللَّهِ
"In Allah's protection" - said when parting
بَارَكَ اللَّهُ فِيكَ
"May Allah bless you" - expressing thanks
إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ
"If Allah wills" - when speaking of future plans
أَسْتَغْفِرُ ٱللَّٰهَ
"I seek forgiveness from Allah" - seeking repentance
لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ
"There is no god but Allah" - declaration of faith
ٱللَّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ
"Allah is the Greatest" - remembrance of Allah
صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
"Peace and blessings be upon him" - after mentioning Prophet Muhammad
عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ
"Peace be upon him" - after mentioning other prophets
رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ/عَنْهَا
"May Allah be pleased with him/her" - after companions' names
رَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ
"May Allah's mercy be upon him" - for deceased Muslims
هَٰذِهِۦ جَهَنَّمُ ٱلَّتِى يُكَذِّبُ بِهَا ٱلْمُجْرِمُونَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا الْيَوْمَ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَبْلِ الْوَرِيدِ وَإِن مِّنكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا كَانَ عَلَىٰ رَبِّكَ حَتْمًا مَّقْضِيًّا ثُمَّ نُنَجِّى ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوا وَّنَذَرُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيًّا
“This is the Hell of which the criminals used to deny. They will go around between it and scalding water, heated [to the utmost degree].” (36:63–68)
يَـٰقَوْمَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبُ فِيكُمْ جَآءَ بِٱلْحَقِّ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ فَمَنِ ٱهْتَدَىٰ فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِى لِنَفْسِهِۦ وَمَن ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا وَمَآ أَنَا۠ عَلَيْكُم بِوَكِيلٍ وَٱتَّبِعُوا۟ مَا تُبْلَغُوا۟ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ شَاءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا أَشْرَكُوا۟ وَمَا جَعَلْنَـٰكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا وَمَا أَنتَ عَلَيْهِم بِوَكِيلٍ
“My people, the Scripture has come to you in truth from your Lord, so whoever is guided is only guided for [the benefit of] his soul…” (69:27–34)
إِذَا وَقَعَتِ ٱلْوَاقِعَةُ لَيْسَ لِوَقْعَتِهَا كَاذِبَةٌ خَافِضَةٌ رَّافِعَةٌ إِذَا رُجَّتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ رَجًّا وَبُسَّتِ ٱلْجِبَالُ بَسًّا فَكَانَتْ هَبَاءً مُّنبَثًّا وَكُنتُمْ أَزْوَٰجًا ثَلَـٰثَةً فَأَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلْمَيْمَنَةِ مَآ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلْمَيْمَنَةِ وَأَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلْمَشْـَٔمَةِ مَآ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلْمَشْـَٔمَةِ وَٱلسَّـٰبِقُونَ ٱلسَّـٰبِقُونَ أُولَـٰٓئِكَ ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ
“When the inevitable [event] comes to pass… Then you will be [divided into] three kinds…” (56:1–11)
يسٓ وَٱلْقُرْءَانِ ٱلْحَكِيمِ إِنَّكَ لَمِنَ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ عَلَىٰ صِرَٰطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ تَنزِيلَ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ… وَٱلسَّلَـٰمُ عَلَىٰ مَنِ ٱتَّبَعَ ٱلْهُدَىٰ
“Ya-Sin. By the wise Qur’an, indeed you [O Muhammad] are among the Messengers…” (36:1–83)
تَبَـٰرَكَ ٱلَّذِى بِيَدِهِ ٱلْمُلْكُ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلْمَوْتَ وَٱلْحَيَوٰةَ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ أَيُّكُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلًا… وَلَهُ ٱلْخَلْقُ وَٱلْأَمْرُ تَبَـٰرَكَ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ
“Blessed is He in whose hand is dominion, and He is over all things competent…” (67:1–30)
ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَل لَّهُۥ عِوَجَا قَيِّمًۭا لِّيُنذِرَ بَأْسًۭا شَدِيدًۭا مِّن لَّدُنْهُ وَيُبَشِّرَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا حَسَنًۭا… قُلْ إِنَّمَآ أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ يُوحَىٰٓ إِلَىَّ أَنَّمَآ إِلَـٰهُكُمْ إِلَـٰهٌ وَٰحِدٌۭ
“All praise is due to Allah who sent down the Book upon His servant and did not place therein any crookedness…” (18:1–110)
إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا وَأَخْرَجَتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ أَثْقَالَهَا وَقَالَ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا لَهَا يَوْمَئِذٍۢ تُحَدِّثُ أَخْبَارَهَا بِأَنَّ رَبَّكَ أَوْحَىٰ لَهَا يَوْمَئِذٍۢ يَصْدُرُ ٱلنَّاسُ أَشْتَاتًۭا لِّيُرَوْا۟ أَعْمَـٰلَهُمْ فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ خَيْرًۭا يَرَهُۥ وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍۢ شَرًّۭا يَرَهُۥ
“When the earth is shaken with its [final] earthquake…” (99:1–8)